Objective
To identify whether the daily addition of a Normal- Protein (NP) vs. High-Protein (HP) breakfast leads to long-term improvements in energy intake regulation and body weight management in overweight/obese breakfast skipping (BS) young people.
Methods
Fifty-seven BS older adolescents (age: 19±1y; BMI: 29.7±4.6kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 12wks of consuming a NP cereal-based breakfast (350 kcal; 15% Protein/65% CHO/20% Fat), HP pork-based breakfast (350 kcal; 40% Protein/40% CHO/20% Fat), or no breakfast (BS). Daily hunger and satiety, energy intake, and body weight/composition were measured pre and post-study.
Results
HP breakfast led to reduced daily hunger and increased daily fullness over the 12wks vs. CON and NP (both, p<0.05). HP breakfast also led to voluntary reductions in daily intake (−412±228kcal/d, p=0.08) over the 12wks, whereas CON and NP did not. The reduction in intake within the HP group was due to a reduction in unhealthy evening snacking of high fat/high sugar foods. Although no change in body weight was observed between groups, CON led to an increase in body fat mass (+1.58±0.87kg; p<0.05) vs. NP and HP (both, p<0.05).
Conclusions
The daily addition of breakfast, particularly rich in dietary protein, improved energy intake regulation and body weight management in overweight/obese ‘breakfast skipping’ adolescents.
